Critique of Aristocracy

Definition

The critique of aristocracy refers to the examination and challenge of the power, privilege, and societal roles held by the aristocratic class, particularly during the Restoration and Early Eighteenth Century. This critique often highlights the flaws and hypocrisies within the aristocracy, showcasing their moral failings, superficiality, and the absurdity of their social norms. In literature, this critique serves to reveal the contrast between the ideals of nobility and the reality of their behavior, leading to a more democratic and egalitarian perspective in society.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Many Restoration comedies feature characters from the aristocracy who are depicted as foolish or morally corrupt, underscoring the critique of their societal roles.
2. Playwrights like William Wycherley and George Etherege used humor and satire to expose the hypocrisy of aristocratic values, making a case for more egalitarian social structures.
3. The critique often reflects broader societal changes during this period, including shifting attitudes toward class and authority after the English Civil War.
4. The rise of bourgeois values in contrast to aristocratic ideals is a significant theme, as new social classes began to assert their influence in society and literature.
5. The exploration of romantic relationships in Restoration comedy often serves as a vehicle for critiquing the institution of marriage as a means of consolidating power within the aristocracy.

Review Questions

• How do characters in Restoration comedies illustrate the critique of aristocracy?
  • Characters in Restoration comedies often embody traits that highlight the flaws within the aristocracy. For example, they may be portrayed as self-indulgent, lacking genuine morality, or engaged in absurd social rituals. This characterization serves not only to entertain but also to provoke thought about the legitimacy and values of the aristocratic class. The mockery and satire embedded in their portrayals invite audiences to reflect on the real implications of such behaviors in society.
• In what ways does satire function as a tool for critiquing aristocratic norms in Restoration literature?
  • Satire is used effectively in Restoration literature to challenge and ridicule aristocratic norms. Through exaggerated portrayals of noble characters and their extravagant lifestyles, playwrights expose the absurdities inherent in these societal values. This not only entertains audiences but also encourages them to question these accepted norms and consider alternative perspectives on class and morality. The sharp wit employed in these critiques creates a lasting impact on how audiences perceive aristocracy.
• Evaluate how the critique of aristocracy in Restoration comedy reflects broader societal changes regarding class structure and authority during that period.
  • The critique of aristocracy in Restoration comedy mirrors significant societal shifts following events like the English Civil War. As traditional hierarchies were challenged, playwrights highlighted both the absurdity and moral failings of noble characters, suggesting a desire for greater equality. This literary critique is indicative of a growing belief in social mobility and democratic ideals among emerging middle classes. By illustrating these dynamics through humor and satire, Restoration comedies not only entertained but also contributed to a larger conversation about power dynamics and social justice in England.

Related terms

Restoration Comedy:

A genre of English comedy that emerged after the restoration of Charles II in 1660, characterized by witty dialogue, sexual innuendos, and a focus on the lives of the upper classes.

Satire: A literary technique that uses humor, irony, or ridicule to criticize or mock individuals, institutions, or societal norms, often employed in Restoration comedy to expose aristocratic follies.

Social Mobility: The ability for individuals or groups to move up or down the social ladder, which was often contrasted with the rigid class structures upheld by aristocratic values in Restoration literature.