An Essay on Criticism

Definition

An Essay on Criticism is a philosophical poem written by Alexander Pope that explores the principles of literary criticism and poetry. The work reflects Pope's thoughts on the nature of art, the role of the critic, and the importance of adhering to classical ideals. This poem represents a foundational moment in the development of modern literary criticism, bridging the gap between classical and contemporary approaches to literature.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pope's An Essay on Criticism was published in 1709 and is written in heroic couplets, reflecting the poetic style of the time.
2. The poem famously begins with the line 'What oft was thought, but ne'er so well expressed,' highlighting Pope's view on the value of clarity in writing.
3. Pope presents several key principles in his work, including the idea that good criticism must be rooted in humility and self-awareness.
4. The essay also emphasizes the importance of understanding nature and human experience as essential elements of effective criticism and art.
5. Pope critiques both critics and poets for their failings while asserting that true knowledge and virtue are necessary for creating great literature.

Review Questions

• How does Pope define the role of the critic in An Essay on Criticism, and what qualities does he believe are essential for effective criticism?
  • In An Essay on Criticism, Pope defines the role of the critic as one who must possess not only knowledge but also humility. He argues that an effective critic should be aware of their own limitations and strive for clarity and fairness in their evaluations. The essay emphasizes that a true critic should understand both nature and human experience to provide insightful commentary on literature.
• Analyze how An Essay on Criticism reflects neoclassical ideals and its impact on later literary criticism.
  • An Essay on Criticism embodies neoclassical ideals through its emphasis on reason, order, and adherence to classical forms. Pope advocates for a structured approach to criticism that values rational thought over emotional response. This work laid a foundation for later literary criticism by establishing guidelines that continue to influence critics, emphasizing both aesthetic standards and moral virtues in evaluating literature.
• Evaluate the lasting significance of An Essay on Criticism in shaping contemporary views on literary analysis and critique.
  • The lasting significance of An Essay on Criticism lies in its foundational contributions to modern literary analysis. By articulating clear principles about the responsibilities of critics and the qualities of good poetry, Pope's work set a standard for future critics. Its focus on clarity, rationality, and moral integrity continues to resonate in contemporary literary discussions, influencing how texts are approached and critiqued today.

Related terms

Literary Criticism: The systematic analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of literature, focusing on various aspects such as themes, structures, and historical contexts.

Neoclassicism:

An artistic and literary movement in the 18th century that emphasized reason, order, and adherence to classical ideals, influencing writers like Pope and Dryden.

Epigram: A brief, witty statement or poem that often expresses a single thought or observation, which was a common form used by Pope in his writing.