Victor Hugo

Definition

Victor Hugo was a prominent French writer and poet, best known for his novels 'Les Misérables' and 'The Hunchback of Notre-Dame.' His work is a cornerstone of the Romantic literary movement, addressing themes of social justice, human rights, and the struggles of the individual against oppressive societal structures. Hugo's writing reflects the political and social upheavals of his time, making him an influential figure in both literature and activism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Victor Hugo was a key figure in French Romanticism and used his literary works to advocate for social change and reform during a time of political turmoil in France.
2. His novel 'Les Misérables' was published in 1862 and is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century, highlighting issues such as poverty, injustice, and redemption.
3. Hugo's influence extended beyond literature; he was an active political figure who campaigned against capital punishment and advocated for the rights of the working class.
4. The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, published in 1831, not only tells a story about love and tragedy but also raises awareness about the importance of preserving historical architecture.
5. Hugo's dramatic works, including his play 'Ruy Blas,' contributed to the resurgence of interest in theatre during the Romantic period and solidified his reputation as a versatile writer.

Review Questions

• How did Victor Hugo's works reflect the social and political issues of his time?
  • Victor Hugo's works vividly illustrate the social injustices faced by individuals in 19th century France. In 'Les Misérables,' for example, he delves into themes such as poverty, crime, and redemption while criticizing the harsh penal system. His ability to intertwine personal narratives with broader societal critiques allowed him to resonate deeply with readers and advocate for change.
• In what ways did Victor Hugo contribute to the Romantic movement in literature?
  • Victor Hugo significantly shaped the Romantic movement through his emphasis on emotion, individual experience, and social commentary. He rejected classical ideals by focusing on passionate characters placed in extreme situations. His works often celebrate human rights and dignity while exploring the depths of human emotion, making him a defining voice of Romantic literature.
• Evaluate the impact of Victor Hugo's advocacy for social justice on modern literature and activism.
  • Victor Hugo's commitment to social justice has had a lasting impact on both literature and activism. His narratives not only inspired later writers to engage with social issues but also influenced movements advocating for human rights across Europe. By using storytelling as a vehicle for change, he established a framework that modern authors and activists continue to build upon today, making his legacy profoundly relevant.

Related terms

Romanticism:

A literary and artistic movement that emerged in the late 18th century, emphasizing emotion, individualism, and the beauty of nature as a response to the industrial revolution and rationalism.

Social Justice: The concept of fair and just relations between individuals and society, addressing issues like equality, human rights, and the distribution of wealth.

Les Misérables: A novel by Victor Hugo that explores themes of redemption, justice, and the struggle against poverty through the lives of several characters in 19th century France.