Paradise Lost

Definition

Paradise Lost is an epic poem written by John Milton in the 17th century that explores the biblical story of the Fall of Man, depicting the temptation of Adam and Eve by Satan and their subsequent expulsion from the Garden of Eden. This work is a hallmark of epic poetry, featuring grand themes, elevated language, and complex characters that embody universal conflicts between good and evil, free will, and divine justice.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Paradise Lost was published in 1667 and is divided into twelve books that recount the narrative of creation, temptation, and fall.
2. Milton employs a unique characterization of Satan, presenting him as a complex anti-hero who challenges authority and embodies ambition and pride.
3. The poem emphasizes themes of free will and predestination, questioning the nature of sin and humanity's capacity for choice.
4. Milton's use of blank verse allows for both dramatic tension and a lyrical quality, making the narrative accessible while still retaining its epic grandeur.
5. The work has had a profound influence on literature and theology, shaping perceptions of sin, redemption, and the nature of God throughout subsequent centuries.

Review Questions

• How does John Milton use the character of Satan in Paradise Lost to challenge traditional views of evil?
  • In Paradise Lost, Milton reimagines Satan as a complex character who embodies ambition and pride, rather than simply presenting him as a one-dimensional villain. This portrayal invites readers to explore deeper themes of rebellion and free will. By giving Satan eloquent speeches and portraying his internal struggles, Milton challenges the traditional view of evil as merely malicious, suggesting instead that it can arise from a desire for power and autonomy.
• Analyze how Milton's use of blank verse contributes to the overall impact of Paradise Lost as an epic poem.
  • Milton's choice to write Paradise Lost in blank verse allows for a seamless blend of conversational tone with poetic form. This technique enhances the emotional weight of the characters’ dialogues while maintaining an elevated style befitting an epic. The unbroken flow of iambic pentameter creates a sense of urgency and drama, drawing readers into the narrative while allowing for deeper exploration of philosophical themes such as free will and divine justice.
• Evaluate the significance of free will in Paradise Lost and its implications for understanding human nature according to Milton.
  • In Paradise Lost, free will is depicted as a fundamental aspect of human nature that shapes moral choices and consequences. Milton suggests that Adam and Eve's ability to choose between obedience to God or succumbing to temptation underscores their humanity. This exploration raises profound questions about accountability and divine justice; despite being tempted by Satan, their choice leads to their fall. Ultimately, Milton's portrayal invites readers to reflect on the balance between divine sovereignty and human agency in understanding the nature of good and evil.

Related terms

Epic Poetry: A lengthy narrative poem, often detailing heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation, characterized by grandiose style and lofty themes.

Blank Verse:

Unrhymed iambic pentameter used extensively by Milton in Paradise Lost, allowing for a natural flow of speech while maintaining a poetic structure.

Theodicy: A branch of philosophy that attempts to resolve the problem of evil in the world in relation to God's goodness, a key theme explored in Paradise Lost.