Intro to Computer Architecture
Shor's Algorithm is a quantum algorithm that efficiently factors large integers, which has profound implications for cryptography and computer security. It utilizes the principles of quantum mechanics, such as superposition and entanglement, to achieve a polynomial time complexity, specifically $O((\log N)^2 (\log \log N) (\log N))$, making it exponentially faster than the best-known classical factoring algorithms. This capability threatens widely-used encryption methods like RSA, highlighting the importance of quantum computing in modern security architectures.
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