Circuit Switching

Definition

Circuit switching is a method of communication where a dedicated communication path or circuit is established between two endpoints for the duration of the transmission. This technique is commonly used in traditional telephone networks, allowing for constant bandwidth and reliable transmission during a call, ensuring that the entire path remains reserved for the conversation until it is terminated. This method contrasts with other forms of data transmission like packet switching, where data is sent in small packets over shared networks.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In circuit switching, once a circuit is established, it remains dedicated to the communicating parties, preventing other users from utilizing that path until the call ends.
2. This method provides a consistent level of quality and performance during communication since the entire bandwidth is reserved.
3. Circuit switching can be inefficient for data transmission when the line is idle, as resources remain reserved even if no data is being sent.
4. It was predominantly used in traditional telephony systems but is becoming less common with the rise of digital communication technologies.
5. The fixed nature of circuit switching makes it less adaptable to varying levels of demand compared to packet switching, which dynamically shares bandwidth.

Review Questions

• How does circuit switching differ from packet switching in terms of resource allocation and efficiency?
  • Circuit switching reserves a dedicated communication path for the entire duration of a call, which means that resources are allocated exclusively to that connection. In contrast, packet switching allows multiple connections to share the same network resources by sending data in packets. While circuit switching ensures consistent quality during a conversation, it can lead to inefficiencies when the line is idle since bandwidth remains allocated even when not in use.
• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using circuit switching in modern communication networks.
  • One advantage of circuit switching is its ability to provide a constant and predictable quality of service, as bandwidth is fully dedicated during a call. However, its disadvantages include inefficiency in resource usage during idle times and inflexibility in accommodating varying traffic loads. These drawbacks have led to a decline in its use for data transmission in favor of more dynamic methods like packet switching, which better handle diverse and fluctuating communication needs.
• Evaluate how the characteristics of circuit switching might influence its future use in emerging technologies compared to newer methods.
  • As communication technologies evolve, circuit switching's fixed nature may limit its applicability in environments that require high adaptability and efficient resource management. Emerging technologies, such as IoT and cloud computing, often demand flexible bandwidth allocation and low latency, making packet switching more suitable for these contexts. While circuit switching may still find niche applications where consistent quality is paramount, such as in some legacy telephony systems, its overall relevance could diminish as networks continue to prioritize efficiency and versatility.

Related terms

Packet Switching: A communication method where data is broken into packets that are sent independently over a shared network and reassembled at the destination.

Bandwidth: The maximum rate of data transfer across a network path, often measured in bits per second (bps).

Latency: The time delay experienced in a system, often affecting the speed of data transmission over a network.