Proof by induction is a mathematical technique used to prove statements or formulas that are asserted to be true for all natural numbers. The process involves two main steps: the base case, where the statement is verified for the initial value (often 0 or 1), and the inductive step, where one assumes the statement is true for an arbitrary natural number 'k' and then proves it for 'k+1'. This method connects closely with formal proofs and inference rules as it provides a systematic way to establish the validity of infinite cases through finite reasoning.
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