Indistinguishability under chosen plaintext attack (IND-CPA) is a security property that ensures an adversary cannot distinguish between the encryptions of two chosen plaintexts, even when allowed to choose the plaintexts and see their corresponding ciphertexts. This property is crucial for encryption schemes to guarantee that even with some knowledge of the plaintexts, the ciphertexts remain secure. IND-CPA ensures that an attacker cannot glean any useful information about the plaintext from the ciphertext, maintaining confidentiality in the context of cryptographic systems.
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