Programmed instruction

Definition

Programmed instruction is an educational method that uses a systematic approach to teaching, where content is broken down into smaller, manageable units that learners engage with at their own pace. This approach is based on principles of behaviorism, emphasizing reinforcement and feedback, allowing students to progress only when they have mastered each component before moving on. It focuses on self-directed learning, often employing technology to facilitate personalized instruction.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Programmed instruction was popularized by B.F. Skinner in the 1950s, who believed that education should be more systematic and scientific.
2. The method allows learners to receive immediate feedback, which helps reinforce correct responses and correct misunderstandings quickly.
3. This instructional approach can be delivered through various media, including books, computer software, and online platforms, making it flexible and accessible.
4. Programmed instruction promotes active engagement from students by requiring them to make decisions about their learning process as they progress through content.
5. Its effectiveness can be measured by improved retention rates and the ability of learners to apply what they have learned in real-world contexts.

Review Questions

• How does programmed instruction utilize the principles of behaviorism to enhance learning outcomes?
  • Programmed instruction leverages behaviorism by breaking down information into small units and providing immediate feedback on learners' responses. The reinforcement of correct answers helps strengthen learning, while prompts guide students through mistakes. By applying these principles systematically, programmed instruction aims to create a more effective and efficient learning experience that encourages mastery of content before moving forward.
• Discuss the role of technology in programmed instruction and how it has evolved over time.
  • Technology plays a crucial role in programmed instruction by facilitating interactive and personalized learning experiences. Initially seen in programmed textbooks, it has evolved into sophisticated computer software and online platforms that provide dynamic feedback and adapt content based on individual progress. This evolution has made programmed instruction more engaging and accessible for diverse learners, enhancing its overall effectiveness in various educational settings.
• Evaluate the long-term implications of using programmed instruction for self-directed learning in educational systems.
  • The use of programmed instruction can significantly impact self-directed learning by empowering students to take charge of their education. As learners become accustomed to managing their pace and engaging with material independently, they develop essential skills such as critical thinking and problem-solving. Over time, this approach can lead to a more autonomous learner population that is better equipped to navigate complex information landscapes and adapt to lifelong learning challenges in a rapidly changing world.

Related terms

Behaviorism: A psychological theory that emphasizes observable behaviors and the ways they're learned through interactions with the environment.

Reinforcement: A key concept in behaviorism, referring to any consequence that strengthens a behavior or increases the likelihood of its occurrence.

Self-directed learning: A process where learners take the initiative in diagnosing their learning needs, formulating goals, identifying resources, and evaluating their progress.