Crystallography
Complex numbers are numbers that consist of a real part and an imaginary part, typically expressed in the form a + bi, where 'a' is the real part, 'b' is the coefficient of the imaginary unit 'i', which is defined as the square root of -1. In crystallography, complex numbers are crucial for representing phase information in diffraction patterns, which directly ties into solving the phase problem and applying methods like direct and Patterson methods.
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