Particulate matter

Definition

Particulate matter (PM) consists of tiny particles and droplets in the air that can be inhaled into the respiratory system. These particles can originate from various sources including vehicle emissions, industrial processes, and natural sources like dust.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Particulate matter is categorized by size, mainly PM10 (particles with diameters of 10 microns or less) and PM2.5 (particles with diameters of 2.5 microns or less).
2. PM2.5 particles are particularly harmful because they can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream.
3. Chronic exposure to particulate matter can lead to respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and lung cancer.
4. Short-term exposure to high levels of particulate matter can aggravate existing respiratory conditions and cause acute symptoms like coughing and difficulty breathing.
5. Regulation of particulate matter is crucial for public health, which is why many countries have set air quality standards to limit PM concentrations.

Review Questions

• What are the main categories of particulate matter based on size?
• Why are PM2.5 particles considered more dangerous than larger particles?
• What are some potential health effects of chronic exposure to particulate matter?

Related terms

Bronchitis: An inflammation of the bronchial tubes that carry air to the lungs, often caused by infections or irritants such as smoke or pollution.

Asthma:

A chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing.

Air Quality Index (AQI): A numerical scale used to communicate how polluted the air currently is or how polluted it is forecasted to become, using levels of various pollutants including particulate matter.