Cork

Definition

Cork is a specialized plant tissue that serves as a protective layer on the outer surface of stems, roots, and tree bark. It plays a crucial role in preventing water loss and protecting against environmental stresses, while also providing insulation. This tissue is derived from the cork cambium, which is a lateral meristem responsible for secondary growth in woody plants.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cork is composed mainly of suberin, a waxy substance that makes it hydrophobic, helping to prevent water loss in the plant.
2. The structure of cork cells is highly organized, with dead cells providing strength and durability to the protective outer layer.
3. Cork's ability to insulate heat and cold makes it beneficial for protecting underlying tissues from extreme temperatures.
4. In addition to its protective functions, cork also has a role in the storage of nutrients and water in the plant.
5. The harvesting of cork does not harm the tree, as it can regenerate after being stripped, making it a sustainable resource.

Review Questions

• How does cork contribute to the overall function and health of woody plants?
  • Cork serves multiple critical functions for woody plants. It protects the plant's internal tissues from environmental stresses such as pathogens, moisture loss, and temperature fluctuations. By forming a barrier against external elements, cork helps maintain homeostasis within the plant. Additionally, its insulating properties protect underlying tissues from extreme temperatures, ensuring that the plant remains healthy and functional throughout different seasons.
• Discuss the relationship between cork cambium and cork tissue in terms of plant growth.
  • The cork cambium is a lateral meristem responsible for producing cork tissue during secondary growth in woody plants. As the plant matures, the cork cambium generates new layers of cork cells outwardly, contributing to the thickening of the stem and protective bark. This process allows trees to grow larger and develop robust structures while providing essential protection against environmental factors.
• Evaluate the ecological significance of cork in forest ecosystems and its impact on biodiversity.
  • Cork plays a vital ecological role in forest ecosystems by providing habitat and shelter for various organisms. The cork layer helps regulate moisture levels in the environment, creating microhabitats that support diverse flora and fauna. Additionally, as cork trees are harvested sustainably for their bark, this practice supports local economies while conserving biodiversity. Maintaining healthy populations of cork-producing trees contributes to ecosystem stability and resilience in changing environments.

Related terms

Bark: The outermost layer of stems and roots in woody plants, consisting of cork and other tissues, which provides protection and support.

Cork Cambium: A lateral meristem that produces cork cells and phelloderm as part of the secondary growth process in vascular plants.

Lenticels: Small openings in the bark of woody plants that allow for gas exchange between the internal tissues and the environment.