Hypocrisy

Definition

Hypocrisy is the act of pretending to hold beliefs, opinions, or virtues that one does not actually possess, often to maintain a false appearance of moral integrity. This concept plays a significant role in critiquing societal norms and behaviors, as it highlights the discrepancies between outward appearances and inner realities, particularly in the context of religion and social class.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In 'The Miller's Tale', hypocrisy is exposed through the character of the parish clerk, Absolon, who pretends to be a virtuous suitor while pursuing his own selfish desires.
2. Chaucer uses humor and satire to reveal the hypocrisy of religious figures, such as the Pardoner, who preach morality but engage in corrupt practices for personal gain.
3. The contrasting behaviors of characters from different social classes illustrate how hypocrisy permeates society, with those in power often acting against their professed values.
4. Chaucer's critique of hypocrisy serves as a mirror reflecting societal flaws and challenges the audience to consider their own beliefs and actions.
5. The frequent juxtaposition of characters' actions and their words in 'The Canterbury Tales' showcases the theme of hypocrisy, prompting readers to question authenticity in both individuals and institutions.

Review Questions

• How does Chaucer use humor to highlight hypocrisy in 'The Miller's Tale'?
  • Chaucer employs humor through exaggerated situations and characters, such as Absolon, who fancies himself a chivalrous lover while being duped by Alisoun. This contrast between his self-image and his actual behavior exposes his hypocrisy. The comedic elements serve not only to entertain but also to invite readers to reflect on the absurdity of his pretensions and the broader implications of dishonesty in relationships.
• In what ways does Chaucer critique religious figures in 'The Canterbury Tales' through their hypocritical behaviors?
  • Chaucer critiques religious figures like the Pardoner by showcasing their corrupt practices juxtaposed with their moral preaching. For instance, while the Pardoner sells fake relics and indulgences, he presents himself as a holy man. This stark contradiction underscores the hypocrisy prevalent within organized religion during Chaucer's time, prompting readers to question the integrity of those who wield religious authority.
• Analyze how Chaucer's treatment of social issues relates to themes of hypocrisy across different classes in 'The Canterbury Tales'.
  • Chaucer's portrayal of various characters from different social classes illustrates a pervasive theme of hypocrisy that transcends class boundaries. For example, while lower-class characters may act out of desperation or necessity, higher-class figures often engage in deceitful practices while publicly espousing virtue. This analysis reveals that hypocrisy is not confined to one social strata but is a universal human flaw. By examining these behaviors, Chaucer invites readers to critically assess societal values and question the authenticity of social norms.

Related terms

satire:

A literary genre that uses humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize or mock individuals or societal norms.

moralism:

An approach or belief system that emphasizes morality and ethical standards, often critiquing those who fail to live up to them.

irony:

A rhetorical device or figure of speech where the intended meaning is opposite to the literal meaning, often used to highlight hypocrisy.