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Variable declaration refers to the process of creating variables by specifying their names and types before they are used in programming. It reserves memory space for storing values associated with those variables.
Variable initialization is the process of assigning an initial value to a variable at the time of declaration.
Scope refers to the visibility and accessibility of variables within different parts of a program.
Data Types: Data types define the kind of values that can be stored in variables, such as integers, strings, booleans, etc.