Method Overloading: Method overloading allows multiple methods with the same name but different parameters in a class. The compiler determines which method to call based on the arguments provided.
Inheritance Hierarchy:Inheritance hierarchy represents the relationship between classes through inheritance. It forms a tree-like structure where subclasses inherit from superclasses, creating parent-child relationships.
Dynamic Binding: Dynamic binding is the process by which method calls are resolved during runtime rather than compile-time. This enables polymorphism by allowing objects of different classes to be treated as objects of their superclass.