NumberFormatException is an exception that occurs when you try to convert a string into a numeric type (like int or double), but the string does not have the appropriate format for conversion.
Imagine trying to fit a square peg into a round hole. Just like how it's impossible to fit something that doesn't match into its intended shape, NumberFormatException occurs when you try to convert a string that doesn't match the expected numeric format.
Parsing: The process of converting data from one representation (such as strings) into another representation (such as numbers).
Data validation: The process of checking if data meets certain criteria or constraints before using it.
Type casting: The act of converting one data type into another, often used when working with different types in programming languages.
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