A bolus is a small rounded mass of a substance, specifically of chewed food at the moment of swallowing. It forms as the result of the mechanical digestion and saliva mixing with food in the mouth, making it easier to swallow and digest.
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Mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can then be digested chemically within the body.
The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) with the stomach; it transports swallowed food and liquids to the stomach through peristaltic movements.