Barnett Newman

Definition

Barnett Newman was an influential American abstract expressionist artist known for his contributions to the development of Color Field painting. His work emphasized large fields of color and often incorporated bold, vertical lines, which he called 'zips.' Newman's philosophy focused on the emotional power of color and space, connecting deeply with the broader movement of abstract expressionism and its focus on personal expression and the viewer's experience.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Barnett Newman was born on January 29, 1905, in New York City and was part of the first generation of American artists who gained international recognition.
2. He created one of his most famous works, 'Who’s Afraid of Red, Yellow and Blue?' which sparked controversy and discussion about color and its emotional impact.
3. Newman’s work often reflects a deep philosophical perspective, considering how art can express the human experience and evoke a sense of the sublime.
4. His influence extends beyond painting; he also had a significant impact on sculpture and installation art, promoting a sense of space and viewer interaction.
5. Newman played a crucial role in establishing New York City as a center for modern art after World War II, helping to shift the focus from Europe to America in the art world.

Review Questions

• How did Barnett Newman's philosophy regarding color influence the development of Color Field painting?
  • Barnett Newman believed that color could evoke profound emotional responses in viewers. His use of large swathes of color in his paintings aimed to create an immersive experience that transcended traditional artistic boundaries. This emphasis on the emotional impact of color significantly shaped the Color Field movement, encouraging other artists to explore similar ideas in their work.
• Discuss how Newman's concept of 'zips' contributes to the overall composition and emotional effect of his paintings.
  • 'Zips' are vertical lines that Barnett Newman incorporated into his compositions to create tension and direct the viewer's attention. These lines serve not only as structural elements but also as metaphors for human experiences, acting as a bridge between different color fields. By combining these zips with expansive areas of color, Newman enhanced both the visual interest and emotional depth of his artwork.
• Evaluate Barnett Newman's legacy within abstract expressionism and its impact on subsequent art movements.
  • Barnett Newman’s legacy within abstract expressionism is profound, as he challenged traditional notions of painting by focusing on color as an emotive force. His innovative techniques and philosophies influenced later movements such as Minimalism and Color Field painting, pushing artists to reconsider their approach to form and space. Newman's work laid foundational ideas about how art can engage viewers on a psychological level, making him a pivotal figure in modern art history.

Related terms

Color Field Painting:

A style of abstract painting characterized by large areas of solid color, emphasizing the flatness of the canvas and the viewer's emotional response to color.

Abstract Expressionism: An art movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, focusing on spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation, emphasizing individual expression.

Zips: Vertical lines used by Barnett Newman in his paintings, serving as a compositional element that creates tension and guides the viewer's eye across the canvas.