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✊🏿AP African American Studies
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✊🏿AP African American Studies

Document-Based Question (DBQ)
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Practice FRQ 1 of 421/42
1. Evaluate the extent to which African and African American perspectives and actions challenged the economic, political, and ideological justifications for the transatlantic slave trade and slavery in the Americas from the 16th through 19th centuries.

In your response you should do the following:

  • Respond to the prompt with a defensible thesis or claim that establishes a line of reasoning.
  • Describe a broader historical or disciplinary context relevant to the topic of the prompt.
  • Support an argument in response to the prompt using at least three of the sources.
  • Use at least one additional piece of specific evidence (beyond that found in the sources) relevant to your argument.
  • For at least two sources, explain how or why the perspective, purpose, context, and/or audience for each source is relevant to your argument.
  • Reference or cite the sources you use in your argument. You can reference or cite the source letter, title, or author.

Document 1

Source: Broadside Advertising "Valuable Slaves at Auction" in New Orleans, 1859
Document 1

Document 2

Source: A Description of the Coasts of North and South Guinea by John Barbot, an agent for the French Royal Company of Africa and Islands of America, 1732.

As the slaves come down to Fida from the inland country, they are put into a booth, or prison, built for that purpose ... and when the Europeans are to receive them, they are brought out into a large plain, where the surgeons examine every part of every one of them, to the smallest member, men and women being all stark naked. Such as are allowed good and sound, are set on one side, and the others by themselves; which slaves so rejected are there called Mackrons, being above thirty five years of age, or defective in their limbs, eyes or teeth; or grown grey, or that have the venereal disease, or any other imperfection ... each of the others, which have passed as good, is marked on the breast, with a red-hot iron, imprinting the mark of the French, English, or Dutch companies, that so each nation may distinguish their own ...

The branded slaves, after this, are returned to their former booth ... with bread and water, which is all their allowance. There they continue sometimes ten or fifteen days, till the sea is still enough to send them aboard... and when it is so, the slaves are carried off by parcels ...

Document 3

Source: Excerpt of Letter from Nzinga Mbemba to Portuguese King João III, 1526

Your Highness should know how our Kingdom is being lost in so many ways that it is convenient to provide for the necessary remedy, since this is caused by the excessive freedom given by your agents and officials to the men and merchants who are in these parts. That is why we need from those Kingdoms no more than some priests and a few people to teach in schools, and no other goods except wine and flour for the holy sacrament. That is why we beg of Your Highness to help and assist us in this matter, commanding your factors that they should not send here either merchants or wares, because it is our will that in these Kingdoms there should not be any trade of slaves nor outlet for them.

Concerning what is referred above, again we beg of Your Highness to agree with it, since otherwise we cannot remedy such an obvious damage. Pray Our Lord in His mercy to have Your Highness under His guard and let you do forever the things of His service. I kiss your hands many times.

Moreover, Sir, in our Kingdoms there is another great inconvenience which is of little service to God, and this is that many of our people, keenly desirous as they are of the wares and things of your Kingdoms, which are brought here by your people, and in order to satisfy their voracious appetite, seize many of our people, freed and exempt men; and very often it happens that they kidnap even noblemen and the sons of noblemen, and our relatives, and take them to be sold to the white men who are in our Kingdoms.

Document 4

Source: William Still, Struggle for freedom in a Maryland barn, The Underground Rail Road, 1872.
Struggle for freedom in a Maryland barn

Document 5

Source: Theodore Parker, Caution!! Colored People of Boston, 1851.
*Caution!! Colored People of Boston*






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