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🧪AP Chemistry
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🧪AP Chemistry

FRQs 1–3 – Long Answer
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Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties
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This mapping reflects College Board's exam structure - each FRQ type tests specific skills that are taught in particular units.

Practice FRQ 1 of 351/35

3. Answer the following questions about titanium and its compounds.

Titanium is a transition metal with atomic number 22. It is widely used in aerospace applications due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and resistance to corrosion.

Figure 1. Mass spectrum of titanium (isotopic abundances used for average atomic mass calculation)

Figure 1
A.

Calculate the average atomic mass of titanium using the isotopic abundance data provided in Figure 1. Show your work.

B.

Write the complete ground-state electron configuration for a neutral titanium atom.

Figure 2. Photoelectron spectrum of titanium (valence region): binding energy and relative peak intensities

Figure 2
C.

The photoelectron spectrum in the range of 0 to 10 MJ/mol for titanium is shown in Figure 2.

i.

Identify the subshell corresponding to Peak B in Figure 2. Justify your answer based on the relative height of the peaks.

ii.

Explain why Peak C has a higher binding energy than Peak D, even though the electrons in subshell C are added after the electrons in subshell D during the Aufbau filling process.

Table 1. Experimental data for the reaction of titanium with chlorine

Measurement

Mass (g)

Mass of empty crucible

25.00

Mass of crucible + titanium

26.44

Mass of crucible + titanium chloride product

29.63

D.

Calculate the empirical formula of the titanium chloride compound formed. Show your work. A student heats the 1.44 g sample of titanium powder in an excess of chlorine gas, Cl2(g)Cl_2(g)Cl2​(g), to form a solid titanium chloride compound. The data are recorded in Table 1.

E.

The student performs the experiment again but stops heating before all the titanium has reacted. Would the calculated ratio of moles of Cl to moles of Ti be greater than, less than, or equal to the actual ratio in the compound? Justify your answer.

F.
i.

Write the complete ground-state electron configuration for the Ti2+Ti^{2+}Ti2+ ion.

ii.

Explain why the atomic radius of calcium (atomic number 20) is larger than the atomic radius of titanium (atomic number 22).

Timed

00:00

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FRQ Directions
Free Response Question Practice

This practice environment simulates the AP AP Chemistry Free Response Questions section. Here are some guidelines:

  • Read each question carefully before responding. Pay attention to command verbs like "identify," "explain," "analyze," or "evaluate."
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Tip: Answer all parts of each question. Partial credit is often available, so even if you are unsure, provide what you know.