4.4 Contemporary Native American music
6 min read•august 20, 2024
Contemporary Native American music blends traditional elements with modern genres, creating a unique . From powwow and flute music to hip hop and rock, Indigenous artists use their craft to preserve heritage, address social issues, and innovate.
Native musicians face challenges like underrepresentation and , but continue to make significant contributions. Through festivals, awards, and activism, they promote their art, resist stereotypes, and shape the future of Indigenous music in a globalized world.
Native American music traditions
- Native American music traditions are deeply rooted in the cultural practices, beliefs, and histories of various Indigenous communities across North America
- These traditions encompass a wide range of vocal and instrumental styles, each with its own unique characteristics, purposes, and meanings within specific tribal contexts
- Native American music often serves ceremonial, spiritual, and social functions, playing a vital role in maintaining cultural identity and transmitting knowledge across generations
Contemporary Native American music genres
Powwow music
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- is a contemporary genre that originated from traditional Native American dance and drumming practices, particularly among Plains tribes
- Characterized by powerful group singing accompanied by a large drum, powwow music is performed at social gatherings and competitive dance events
- Powwow songs often feature vocables (non-lexical syllables) and are structured around repetitive phrases and rhythmic patterns
- Different song styles are associated with specific dance categories (Northern Traditional, Southern Straight, Fancy Dance, Jingle Dress)
Native American flute music
- has gained popularity as a meditative and spiritual genre, featuring the haunting sounds of traditional wooden flutes
- Flute designs and playing techniques vary among different tribes, with some notable traditions including the Plains flute, Cherokee flute, and Pueblo flute
- Contemporary Native American flute players often incorporate elements of jazz, classical, and world music into their compositions
Native American hip hop
- emerged in the 1990s as a means for Indigenous youth to express their experiences, challenges, and cultural pride through rap music
- Artists like Litefoot, Supaman, and A Tribe Called Red have used hip hop to address issues such as cultural identity, social justice, and decolonization
- Native American hip hop often incorporates traditional music samples, Indigenous languages, and references to tribal histories and contemporary struggles
Native American rock and blues
- Native American musicians have made significant contributions to rock and blues genres, infusing their music with Indigenous influences and perspectives
- Bands like Redbone and XIT helped pave the way for Native American representation in mainstream rock music during the 1970s
- Contemporary artists such as Pura Fé, Keith Secola, and Micki Free continue to blend Native American musical elements with rock, blues, and soul
Native American classical music
- encompasses works by Indigenous composers who have trained in Western classical traditions
- Composers like Jerod Impichchaachaaha' Tate, Raven Chacon, and have created symphonies, operas, and chamber music that draw upon their tribal heritage
- These works often incorporate Native American musical instruments, themes, and languages, challenging conventional notions of classical music
Native American folk and country
- Native American musicians have made notable contributions to folk and country music, often addressing themes of cultural identity, land rights, and social justice
- Artists like , , and Bill Miller have used their music as a platform for activism and storytelling
- Contemporary musicians continue to blend traditional influences with modern styles, creating a unique and powerful genre
Influence of traditional music on contemporary styles
- Traditional Native American music has had a profound impact on the development of contemporary Indigenous music genres
- Many artists incorporate elements of traditional songs, instruments, and rhythms into their modern compositions, creating a fusion of old and new
- The use of traditional music in contemporary styles helps to preserve and promote Indigenous cultural heritage while also allowing for creative innovation and self-expression
Notable Native American musicians
Singers and songwriters
- Buffy Sainte-Marie (Cree): Known for her powerful vocals and socially conscious lyrics, addressing issues such as Indigenous rights and environmental activism
- John Trudell (Santee Dakota): Poet, musician, and activist who used his music to advocate for Native American causes and promote cultural pride
- (Oneida): Grammy Award-winning singer-songwriter who has recorded numerous albums of contemporary Native American music
Instrumentalists
- (Navajo/Ute): Renowned Native American flute player who has released over 50 albums and collaborated with artists from various genres
- (Seminole/Aleut): Grammy Award-winning flutist known for her innovative playing style and fusion of traditional and contemporary elements
- Brent Michael Davids (Mohican): Composer and flutist who has written numerous works for orchestra, chamber ensembles, and traditional Native American instruments
Music producers
- (Mohawk): Former member of The Band and successful solo artist who has produced albums for various Native American musicians
- (Shoshone/Mexican): Member of the Black Eyed Peas who has produced and collaborated with numerous Native American hip hop artists
- (Dakota/Anishinaabe): Music journalist, producer, and author who has worked to promote and document Native American music
Native American music labels and distribution
- : Founded in 1951, Canyon Records is one of the oldest and most well-known labels dedicated to Native American music, featuring a wide range of genres and artists
- : Established in 1993, Makoche focuses on promoting Native American music from the Northern Plains, including powwow, flute, and contemporary genres
- Independent and self-released: Many Native American musicians choose to independently produce and distribute their music, utilizing online platforms and social media to reach audiences
Native American music festivals and events
- : Held annually in Albuquerque, New Mexico, this is one of the largest powwow events in North America, featuring hundreds of dancers, drummers, and singers
- (NAMA): An annual awards ceremony that recognizes excellence in various categories of Native American music
- : An annual event in Oklahoma City that showcases Native American music, dance, art, and culture from diverse tribal communities
Role of music in Native American activism and resistance
- Native American music has long been used as a tool for activism, resistance, and social commentary
- Protest songs and politically charged lyrics have addressed issues such as land rights, environmental protection, cultural preservation, and decolonization
- Music has played a vital role in the (AIM) and other Indigenous rights organizations, serving as a means of communication, motivation, and solidarity
Representation of Native American musicians in mainstream media
- Native American musicians have often been underrepresented or misrepresented in mainstream media, with limited opportunities for exposure and recognition
- Stereotypical and appropriative portrayals of Native American music and culture have been prevalent in popular media, leading to a distorted understanding of Indigenous musical traditions
- In recent years, there has been a growing movement to increase the visibility and accurate representation of Native American musicians through platforms such as the Native American Music Awards and dedicated media outlets
Cultural appropriation vs appreciation in Native American music
- The use of Native American musical elements by non-Native artists and the commodification of Indigenous music have raised concerns about cultural appropriation
- Appropriation occurs when elements of Native American music are used without proper understanding, respect, or acknowledgment of their cultural significance and context
- Cultural appreciation, on the other hand, involves a genuine interest in learning about and engaging with Native American music in a respectful and collaborative manner, guided by Indigenous communities themselves
Preserving and promoting Native American musical heritage
- Efforts to preserve and promote Native American musical heritage are crucial for ensuring the continuity of traditional knowledge and cultural practices
- Archives, museums, and cultural centers play a vital role in documenting, storing, and sharing Native American music for future generations
- Educational programs, workshops, and mentorship initiatives help pass on traditional music skills and knowledge to younger generations of Indigenous musicians
Future of Native American music
- The future of Native American music lies in the hands of contemporary Indigenous artists who continue to innovate, experiment, and push the boundaries of their musical traditions
- Collaborations between Native American musicians and artists from other genres and cultures offer exciting possibilities for cross-cultural exchange and artistic growth
- The increasing use of technology and digital platforms provides new opportunities for Native American musicians to reach global audiences and connect with Indigenous communities worldwide
- As Native American music continues to evolve and thrive, it remains a powerful force for cultural expression, resistance, and healing within Indigenous communities and beyond
Key Terms to Review (29)
American Indian Movement: The American Indian Movement (AIM) is a grassroots organization founded in 1968 that advocates for the rights of Native Americans, focusing on issues such as sovereignty, cultural preservation, and social justice. AIM emerged during a time of increased activism in the 1960s and 70s, coinciding with a broader Red Power movement that sought to address the injustices faced by Indigenous peoples in the United States, including land rights, political representation, and cultural recognition.
Brent Michael Davids: Brent Michael Davids is a contemporary Native American composer, musician, and educator known for blending traditional Native American music with modern classical and popular genres. His works often explore themes of Native identity, culture, and spirituality, reflecting the rich heritage of his Oneida Nation ancestry while also addressing contemporary issues faced by Indigenous communities.
Brian Wright-McLeod: Brian Wright-McLeod is a notable figure in contemporary Native American music, recognized for his contributions as an artist, scholar, and advocate. He has played a significant role in promoting Indigenous music and cultural expression, bridging traditional practices with modern influences. His work reflects the evolving landscape of Native American identity and the importance of music as a medium for storytelling and cultural preservation.
Buffy Sainte-Marie: Buffy Sainte-Marie is a celebrated Cree singer-songwriter and activist, known for her influential contributions to contemporary Native American music. Throughout her career, she has blended traditional Indigenous themes with modern musical styles, using her platform to raise awareness about Native rights, social justice, and environmental issues. Her powerful lyrics and distinctive voice have made her a key figure in both the folk music scene and the broader context of Indigenous representation in the arts.
Canyon Records: Canyon Records is a music label that specializes in Native American music, particularly focusing on contemporary genres and traditional sounds. Established in 1951, it has played a vital role in promoting Native American artists, preserving cultural expressions, and making these rich musical traditions accessible to wider audiences. The label's commitment to authenticity and cultural integrity has contributed significantly to the evolution of Native American music in the modern era.
Connection to land: Connection to land refers to the deep spiritual, cultural, and emotional bond that Indigenous peoples have with their ancestral territories. This connection influences their identity, traditions, and artistic expressions, particularly in contemporary Native American music, where land often serves as a source of inspiration, meaning, and a reminder of heritage.
Cultural appropriation: Cultural appropriation is the act of taking or using elements from one culture by members of another culture, often without permission or understanding. This practice can lead to a distortion of the original meaning and significance of cultural symbols, particularly when a dominant culture appropriates aspects from a marginalized or oppressed culture. It raises issues of power dynamics, representation, and respect in the context of cultural exchange.
Cultural expression: Cultural expression refers to the ways in which individuals and communities communicate their cultural identities, values, and beliefs through various forms such as music, art, dance, and attire. This expression serves not only as a reflection of cultural heritage but also as a means of preserving traditions and fostering community connections. It encompasses both traditional practices and contemporary adaptations, allowing cultures to evolve while remaining rooted in their historical contexts.
Cultural revitalization: Cultural revitalization is the process through which a community or group seeks to renew, restore, or strengthen its cultural identity, traditions, and practices that may have been diminished or lost due to external influences such as colonization, globalization, or assimilation. This process often involves reclaiming and practicing languages, arts, and customs that are integral to the group's heritage, fostering a sense of belonging and community pride.
Gathering of Nations Powwow: The Gathering of Nations Powwow is one of the largest and most significant annual powwows in North America, showcasing Indigenous culture through dance, music, and arts. It serves as a vibrant platform for Native American tribes to come together, celebrate their heritage, and promote cultural exchange. This event not only highlights traditional practices but also emphasizes contemporary expressions of Native American identity, making it a crucial part of contemporary Native American music and cultural preservation.
Healing Ceremonies: Healing ceremonies are spiritual and ritualistic practices conducted to restore balance and harmony to individuals or communities, often involving a combination of prayer, song, dance, and the use of sacred herbs or objects. These ceremonies are deeply rooted in cultural traditions and serve not only to address physical ailments but also emotional and spiritual needs, reflecting the holistic approach to health in many Native American cultures.
Indigenous music summit: An indigenous music summit is a gathering that brings together Native artists, musicians, cultural leaders, and industry professionals to discuss and promote the preservation and evolution of Indigenous music. These summits provide a platform for sharing knowledge, resources, and experiences while fostering collaboration among different Indigenous communities, aiming to raise awareness about cultural identity and the significance of music in Native traditions.
Joanne Shenandoah: Joanne Shenandoah is a renowned Native American singer and composer from the Oneida Nation of New York, known for her contributions to contemporary Native American music. She blends traditional Native American themes with modern musical styles, creating a unique sound that resonates with a wide audience and emphasizes cultural pride and identity.
John Trudell: John Trudell was a prominent Native American activist, poet, musician, and actor known for his powerful voice in advocating for Indigenous rights and cultural identity. His work significantly influenced contemporary Native American music and literature, blending traditional themes with modern expression to address issues of sovereignty, social justice, and personal identity.
Makoche recording company: Makoche Recording Company is a Native American-owned music label that focuses on producing and promoting contemporary Native American music. By supporting Indigenous artists and amplifying their voices, it plays a vital role in preserving and showcasing Native American culture through music, bridging traditional themes with modern sounds.
Many Nations Festival: The Many Nations Festival is an annual event celebrating the rich diversity of Indigenous cultures, particularly those of Native American tribes. This festival features traditional music, dance, art, and food, providing a platform for Indigenous artists and performers to showcase their talents while fostering greater understanding and appreciation of Native cultures among the broader community.
Mary Youngblood: Mary Youngblood is a renowned Native American musician and flutist, celebrated for her contributions to contemporary Native American music. She is known for blending traditional Native American sounds with modern influences, making her work accessible and appealing to a broader audience while maintaining cultural authenticity. Her compositions often reflect her identity as a member of the Aleut and Yaqui tribes, showcasing the rich heritage of Native American musical traditions.
Native American classical music: Native American classical music refers to the traditional and contemporary musical expressions that draw from Indigenous cultural practices, often blending classical Western techniques with Native melodies, rhythms, and instruments. This genre highlights the unique cultural heritage of Native American communities, showcasing their history, spirituality, and identity through intricate compositions and performances.
Native American flute music: Native American flute music refers to the melodic and expressive music created using the Native American flute, a wooden wind instrument traditionally made by Indigenous peoples of North America. This type of music holds deep cultural significance, often used in ceremonies, storytelling, and personal expression, connecting both the musician and the audience to the spiritual world. It has evolved over time, influencing and being influenced by contemporary musical styles while retaining its roots in traditional practices.
Native American folk and country: Native American folk and country music refers to a genre that blends traditional Native American musical elements with contemporary country music styles. This fusion captures the essence of Native American identity and cultural expression, often addressing themes of heritage, community, and social issues while incorporating instruments and techniques unique to Indigenous traditions.
Native American Hip Hop: Native American hip hop is a cultural movement and music genre that merges traditional Indigenous themes, languages, and experiences with contemporary hip hop styles, including rap, breakdancing, and DJing. This genre serves as a platform for Indigenous artists to express their identities, share stories of resilience and social issues, and reclaim narratives often misrepresented in mainstream media. It plays a significant role in the broader context of contemporary Native American music by promoting cultural pride and community engagement.
Native American Music Awards: The Native American Music Awards (NAMAs) is an annual event celebrating the musical achievements and contributions of Native American artists across various genres. This awards show highlights the cultural richness of Native American music and serves as a platform for artists to gain recognition, fostering a sense of pride in indigenous heritage while promoting contemporary Native American music to a broader audience.
Native American rock and blues: Native American rock and blues is a genre of contemporary music that blends traditional Native American musical elements with modern rock and blues influences. This genre serves as a powerful form of cultural expression, allowing Native artists to convey their identities, stories, and experiences through a fusion of sounds that resonates with both Native and non-Native audiences.
Powwow music: Powwow music is a genre of contemporary Native American music that is performed during powwows, which are social gatherings that celebrate Native American culture, traditions, and community. This vibrant music often features drumming, singing, and dancing, blending traditional elements with modern influences, making it an essential part of the powwow experience and showcasing the resilience and adaptability of Native American cultural expression.
R. Carlos Nakai: R. Carlos Nakai is a renowned Native American musician, known for his mastery of the Native American flute and contributions to contemporary Native American music. His work bridges traditional and modern styles, creating a unique sound that reflects his cultural heritage and promotes understanding of Native American identity through music.
Resilience: Resilience refers to the ability of individuals, communities, or cultures to adapt and recover from adversity, challenges, or trauma. This concept emphasizes strength in overcoming obstacles and is particularly significant in understanding how cultural expressions, such as film and music, reflect and reinforce the enduring spirit of a group. Resilience can manifest through storytelling, artistic innovation, and the preservation of traditions that affirm identity and foster a sense of belonging despite hardships.
Robbie Robertson: Robbie Robertson is a Canadian musician and songwriter, best known as the lead guitarist and primary songwriter of the rock group The Band. His work significantly influenced the evolution of contemporary Native American music by incorporating Indigenous themes and styles into his music, often reflecting the complexities of identity and cultural heritage.
Social Dances: Social dances are a form of dance that is typically performed in groups or pairs, emphasizing community and social interaction. These dances are often integral to cultural gatherings, ceremonies, and celebrations, showcasing the values and traditions of a community. In contemporary Native American music, social dances play a vital role, serving not only as entertainment but also as a way to reinforce cultural identity and promote unity among participants.
Taboo: A taboo is a social or cultural prohibition against certain practices, behaviors, or discussions considered inappropriate or unacceptable within a particular community. Taboos often arise from deeply held beliefs and values, shaping the identity and cultural expressions of a group. In the context of contemporary Native American music, taboos can influence what themes are appropriate to explore in lyrics, the instruments used, and even the contexts in which music is performed.