Rheumatoid arthritis

Definition

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects joints, leading to painful swelling, joint deformity, and loss of function. This autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, particularly the synovium, which is the lining of the membranes that surround the joints. The inflammation can also extend beyond joints, affecting other systems in the body, making it a systemic condition.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Rheumatoid arthritis can affect people of all ages but is most commonly diagnosed in middle-aged individuals, with women being more likely to develop it than men.
2. The symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis often include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and fatigue, which can significantly impact daily activities and quality of life.
3. This condition is characterized by periods of flares, where symptoms worsen, followed by remission phases where symptoms may improve or disappear.
4. There is no cure for rheumatoid arthritis, but treatments like anti-inflammatory medications, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and physical therapy can help manage symptoms and improve function.
5. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial as they can slow disease progression and prevent joint damage.

Review Questions

• How does the autoimmune nature of rheumatoid arthritis differentiate it from other forms of arthritis?
  • Rheumatoid arthritis is distinct from other types of arthritis due to its autoimmune nature. Unlike osteoarthritis, which results from wear and tear on the joints, rheumatoid arthritis occurs when the immune system attacks the synovium. This leads to chronic inflammation not only in joints but also potentially affecting other organs. Understanding this fundamental difference helps in tailoring appropriate treatment strategies.
• Discuss the role of inflammatory markers in diagnosing and monitoring rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Inflammatory markers play a critical role in diagnosing and monitoring rheumatoid arthritis. Tests for markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are commonly used to assess inflammation levels in the body. Elevated levels of these markers can indicate active disease and help track the effectiveness of treatments over time, guiding adjustments in therapy.
• Evaluate the long-term implications of untreated rheumatoid arthritis on an individual's overall health and quality of life.
  • Untreated rheumatoid arthritis can lead to significant long-term implications for an individual's health and quality of life. Chronic inflammation can result in irreversible joint damage, deformities, and disability, severely limiting mobility and daily activities. Additionally, systemic effects may arise, increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease and other comorbidities. Thus, proactive management is essential to preserve function and enhance overall well-being.

Related terms

autoimmunity: A condition arising from an abnormal immune response where the body's immune system attacks its own healthy cells and tissues.

synovial fluid: A viscous fluid found in joints that lubricates and nourishes cartilage, reducing friction during movement.

inflammatory markers: Biological substances that indicate the presence of inflammation in the body, often measured through blood tests to assess autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.