Dominant Seventh Chord

Definition

A dominant seventh chord is a type of seventh chord that consists of a root, major third, perfect fifth, and minor seventh. This chord is commonly used in Western music to create tension that resolves to the tonic chord, making it essential in establishing harmonic progressions and key changes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The dominant seventh chord is often notated as V7 in Roman numeral analysis, indicating its position as the fifth chord in a given key.
2. In a C major scale, the dominant seventh chord would be G7, consisting of the notes G (root), B (major third), D (perfect fifth), and F (minor seventh).
3. This chord plays a crucial role in creating tension that leads to resolution; it's typically followed by the tonic chord to provide closure.
4. Dominant seventh chords can also be altered or extended with added tensions like ninths, elevenths, and thirteenths to enhance harmonic richness.
5. They are frequently found in various genres of music including blues, jazz, and classical, showcasing their versatility and importance in composition.

Review Questions

• How does a dominant seventh chord function within a musical context to create tension and resolution?
  • A dominant seventh chord functions as a pivotal element in musical progression by creating a sense of tension that naturally resolves to the tonic. The interval of the minor seventh above the root adds dissonance that needs resolution, prompting the listener's ear to seek out the stability offered by the tonic chord. This interplay between tension and resolution is fundamental in establishing strong harmonic movements throughout a composition.
• Discuss the construction of a dominant seventh chord and its relationship with the tonic within various musical styles.
  • A dominant seventh chord is constructed using four specific notes: the root, major third, perfect fifth, and minor seventh. This particular structure creates a unique sound that is integral across many musical styles. For instance, in jazz music, dominant seventh chords are often altered to create richer harmonies, while in blues they serve as crucial elements that emphasize the genre's characteristic sound. The relationship with the tonic is essential across these styles for achieving effective resolutions.
• Evaluate how the use of dominant seventh chords has influenced different genres of music over time.
  • The use of dominant seventh chords has significantly influenced various music genres by enhancing harmonic complexity and emotional expression. In classical music, these chords facilitate smooth modulations between keys, providing dramatic tension. In jazz and blues, they contribute to stylistic elements such as improvisation and emotional depth. As genres evolve, the continued use and adaptation of dominant seventh chords reflect broader changes in musical trends and creativity, showcasing their lasting impact on composition.

Related terms

Seventh Chord: A chord that consists of four notes: the root, third, fifth, and seventh, which can be major, minor, or diminished depending on the intervals used.

Tonic: The first note of a scale or key, serving as the home base for musical compositions and providing resolution in harmonic progressions.

Chord Progression: A sequence of chords played in succession, which forms the harmonic backbone of a piece of music and creates movement and emotion.