Second Temple

Definition

The Second Temple refers to the Jewish holy structure that stood in Jerusalem from the late 6th century BCE until its destruction by the Romans in 70 CE. This temple was built after the Babylonian exile and is significant for its role in the development of ancient Israelite religion, including practices, rituals, and the evolution of Jewish identity during a time of foreign domination.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Second Temple was built under Persian rule when Cyrus the Great allowed Jews to return to Jerusalem after their exile.
2. It played a central role in Jewish worship and identity, serving as the focal point for communal religious activities and pilgrimage.
3. The temple underwent significant renovations by Herod the Great, making it an architectural marvel of its time and a symbol of Jewish pride.
4. The destruction of the Second Temple by the Romans marked a pivotal moment in Jewish history, leading to the diaspora and changes in religious practices.
5. Post-destruction, Judaism shifted from temple-centered worship to rabbinic traditions, profoundly influencing Jewish theology and practice.

Review Questions

• How did the construction of the Second Temple influence Jewish identity after the Babylonian exile?
  • The construction of the Second Temple marked a significant moment for Jewish identity following the Babylonian exile. It provided a physical space for worship and community gathering, reinforcing religious practices and beliefs that helped unify the Jewish people. The temple served not only as a place for sacrifices but also as a symbol of hope and restoration, shaping how Jews viewed themselves in relation to their heritage and faith.
• Discuss the impact of Herod's Renovation on the Second Temple and its significance within ancient Israelite religion.
  • Herod's Renovation dramatically transformed the Second Temple into one of the most impressive structures of its era. This extensive refurbishment not only increased its physical size but also enhanced its religious significance by attracting pilgrims from all over. The grandeur of the temple reflected Jewish aspirations during a time when they were under foreign rule, solidifying its role as a center of worship and cultural identity that fostered a sense of unity among Jews.
• Evaluate how the destruction of the Second Temple reshaped Judaism and influenced its future developments.
  • The destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE had profound implications for Judaism, effectively ending temple-based worship that had been central to Jewish life. This event led to a significant shift towards rabbinic Judaism, which emphasized study, prayer, and ethical living over sacrificial rites. The transformation resulted in new interpretations of scripture and religious practices that adapted to a diaspora context, influencing not only how Judaism evolved but also establishing frameworks that continue to resonate within contemporary Jewish thought.

Related terms

First Temple:

The First Temple, also known as Solomon's Temple, was constructed in the 10th century BCE and served as the primary place of worship for the Israelites until its destruction by the Babylonians in 586 BCE.

Herod's Renovation: A major expansion and renovation of the Second Temple initiated by King Herod the Great around 20 BCE, which enhanced its grandeur and size, making it one of the largest religious structures of the ancient world.

Temple Practices: The various religious rituals and sacrifices conducted at the Second Temple, including daily offerings, major festivals, and other forms of worship that were central to Jewish life during this period.