Quantum Optics
Quantum field theory is a framework that combines classical field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics to describe the fundamental forces and particles of nature as fields that permeate space and time. This approach reveals how particles are excitations of these underlying fields and leads to concepts such as vacuum fluctuations and zero-point energy, as well as the use of creation and annihilation operators to describe particle interactions. Understanding superposition and mixed states further deepens insights into how quantum systems behave within this theoretical structure.
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