The spin-statistics theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that establishes a connection between the intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of particles and the statistical behavior they exhibit. Specifically, it states that particles with half-integer spin (fermions) obey Fermi-Dirac statistics and follow the Pauli exclusion principle, while particles with integer spin (bosons) obey Bose-Einstein statistics, allowing multiple identical particles to occupy the same quantum state. This theorem is critical in understanding how different types of particles behave and interact in quantum systems.
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