Dirac notation, also known as bra-ket notation, is a mathematical shorthand used to describe quantum states in the context of quantum mechanics. It represents quantum states as vectors in a complex Hilbert space, where a 'ket' |ψ⟩ denotes a vector and a 'bra' ⟨ϕ| represents its dual vector. This notation simplifies calculations involving inner products and outer products, making it essential for understanding quantum states and their transformations.
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