Nickel-metal hydride battery

Definition

A nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses nickel oxide hydroxide and a hydrogen-absorbing alloy as electrodes. It is known for its higher capacity compared to nickel-cadmium batteries and is often used in various applications, including energy storage for harvested energy systems. NiMH batteries are particularly valued for their environmental friendliness and reduced toxicity compared to older battery technologies.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Nickel-metal hydride batteries typically have a voltage of 1.2 volts per cell, which is similar to nickel-cadmium batteries but offers better capacity.
2. These batteries are commonly used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), portable electronics, and renewable energy systems due to their high energy density and efficiency.
3. NiMH batteries have a longer cycle life compared to nickel-cadmium batteries, often exceeding 500 charge-discharge cycles.
4. They perform better in high-temperature conditions than some other rechargeable batteries, making them suitable for diverse environmental conditions.
5. Unlike lithium-ion batteries, NiMH batteries are less prone to thermal runaway, enhancing their safety during use.

Review Questions

• How do nickel-metal hydride batteries compare to other rechargeable battery technologies in terms of capacity and environmental impact?
  • Nickel-metal hydride batteries offer higher capacity than nickel-cadmium batteries while being less toxic and more environmentally friendly. Compared to lithium-ion batteries, NiMH has a lower energy density but a longer cycle life in certain applications. This makes NiMH batteries suitable for uses where frequent charging is expected, like in hybrid vehicles, while also addressing concerns about hazardous materials found in some older battery types.
• Discuss the role of nickel-metal hydride batteries in energy storage systems for harvested energy and their advantages.
  • Nickel-metal hydride batteries play a crucial role in energy storage systems by providing reliable energy storage solutions for harvested energy sources like solar and wind power. Their advantages include good energy density, environmental friendliness, and the ability to handle a variety of temperatures. This makes them an effective choice for storing intermittent renewable energy, allowing for better management and usage of harvested resources when needed.
• Evaluate the future potential of nickel-metal hydride batteries in emerging technologies and sustainable energy solutions.
  • The future potential of nickel-metal hydride batteries lies in their adaptability to new technologies and growing demand for sustainable energy solutions. As electric vehicles and renewable energy systems expand, NiMH batteries may continue to be favored for their safety features and environmental benefits. While they may face competition from lithium-ion technology, ongoing advancements in materials and design could enhance their performance, making them relevant in future applications aimed at reducing carbon footprints.

Related terms

Rechargeable Battery: A battery that can be recharged and used multiple times, as opposed to single-use batteries.

Battery Management System (BMS): An electronic system that manages a rechargeable battery, ensuring it operates safely and efficiently by monitoring its state and controlling its charging.

Energy Density:

The amount of energy stored in a given system or region of space per unit volume or mass, crucial for determining the performance of battery technologies.