Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Definition

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method used to stimulate small regions of the brain using magnetic fields generated by electromagnetic induction. It involves placing a coil near the head to create electric currents in specific areas of the brain.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. TMS operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where changing magnetic fields induce electric currents in conductive materials.
2. The TMS coil generates a rapidly changing magnetic field, which penetrates the scalp and skull to induce electric currents in neurons.
3. Faraday's Law of Induction is fundamental to understanding how TMS induces electric fields within brain tissues.
4. The depth and focus of stimulation in TMS can be controlled by varying the shape and size of the coil as well as the strength and frequency of the magnetic pulses.
5. TMS is used both for research purposes and clinically, particularly in treating neurological disorders like depression and Parkinson's disease.

Review Questions

• How does Faraday's Law of Induction apply to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation?
• What factors influence the depth and focus of neural stimulation in TMS?
• Describe how changing magnetic fields are used to induce electric currents in TMS.

Related terms

Electromagnetic Induction:

The process where a changing magnetic field creates an electric current in a conductor.

Faraday's Law: $$\text{Law stating that an electromotive force (EMF) is induced when there is a change in magnetic flux through a circuit.}$$

Magnetic Flux: $$\text{A measure of the quantity of magnetism, taking account of the strength and extent of a magnetic field.}$$