College Physics III – Thermodynamics, Electricity, and Magnetism
Definition
A Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) is a device designed to protect people from electric shock by shutting off an electrical circuit when it detects that current is flowing along an unintended path, such as through water or a person. GFCIs are commonly found in areas where electrical circuits may come into contact with moisture, such as bathrooms and kitchens.
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GFCIs monitor the difference between the hot and neutral wires and trip the circuit if the difference exceeds 5 milliamps.
They react within milliseconds to prevent serious injury or death from electric shock.
GFCIs can be installed at the outlet level or integrated into circuit breakers in the main panel.
They are required by electrical codes in areas prone to moisture, including bathrooms, kitchens, garages, and outdoor locations.
Regular testing of GFCI outlets is essential; they have a test button that should be used monthly to ensure proper function.
Review Questions
How does a GFCI detect an imbalance in electrical current?
Why are GFCIs particularly important in areas like bathrooms and kitchens?
What is the typical threshold current difference at which a GFCI will trip?
Related terms
Circuit Breaker: A device designed to automatically cut off electrical flow in a circuit as a safety measure when it detects an overload or short circuit.
Hot Wire: The wire that carries electrical current from the power source to an outlet or device.
Neutral Wire: The wire that carries electrical current back to the power source, completing the circuit.