Turning points

Definition

Turning points are specific positions in the motion of an oscillating system where the object momentarily comes to rest before reversing its direction. These points correspond to the maximum and minimum displacements in simple harmonic motion.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. At turning points, the kinetic energy of the oscillating object is zero because its velocity is zero.
2. The potential energy is at its maximum at turning points due to maximum displacement from equilibrium.
3. Turning points occur twice per cycle in simple harmonic motion, once at each extreme position.
4. The total mechanical energy of the oscillating system is conserved, and it equals the potential energy at the turning points.
5. In a mass-spring system, turning points can be calculated using Hooke's Law: $F = -kx$, where $x$ is the displacement.

Review Questions

• What happens to the kinetic and potential energies at a turning point?
• How many turning points are there in one complete cycle of simple harmonic motion?
• Explain why total mechanical energy remains constant during oscillation.

Related terms

Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM): A type of periodic motion where an object's restoring force is directly proportional to its displacement from a mean position and acts in the direction opposite to that displacement.

Equilibrium Position:

The central position where all forces acting on an oscillating system balance out, resulting in no net force and no acceleration.

Amplitude:

The maximum extent of displacement from the equilibrium position during oscillation. It determines the energy stored in an oscillating system.