Seismic waves

Definition

Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through the Earth's layers as a result of an earthquake, volcanic eruption, or other subterranean explosion. These waves can be classified into different types based on their propagation characteristics and speed.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Seismic waves are primarily divided into body waves (P-waves and S-waves) and surface waves (Love waves and Rayleigh waves).
2. P-waves, or primary waves, are compressional waves that travel fastest through the Earth and can move through both solid and liquid layers.
3. S-waves, or secondary waves, are shear waves that move slower than P-waves and can only travel through solid materials.
4. The speed of seismic waves depends on the properties of the medium they travel through, such as density and elasticity.
5. Surface waves generally cause more damage during an earthquake because they have larger amplitudes and longer durations compared to body waves.

Review Questions

• What are the primary differences between P-waves and S-waves in terms of their propagation?
• Why do surface waves cause more damage compared to body waves during an earthquake?
• How does the medium affect the speed of seismic wave propagation?

Related terms

P-Wave: Primary wave; a type of body wave that is compressional and travels fastest through the Earth.

S-Wave: Secondary wave; a type of body wave that is shear and travels slower than P-waves, moving only through solids.

Surface Wave: Waves that travel along the Earth's surface; includes Love waves and Rayleigh waves, typically causing more damage due to larger amplitudes.