College Physics II – Mechanics, Sound, Oscillations, and Waves
Definition
A Geiger counter is an instrument used for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation. It operates by counting the number of ionizing events within a gas-filled tube.
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Geiger counters are primarily used to measure beta particles, gamma rays, and X-rays.
The fundamental component of a Geiger counter is the Geiger-Müller tube, which produces an electrical pulse when radiation interacts with the gas inside it.
The intensity of radiation detected by a Geiger counter is usually displayed in counts per minute (CPM) or microsieverts per hour (µSv/h).
Geiger counters can detect individual particles but do not differentiate between types of radiation without additional sensors or filters.
Calibration of a Geiger counter is essential for accurate measurements and involves using known radiation sources.
Review Questions
What types of radiation can a Geiger counter detect?
Explain the role of the Geiger-Müller tube in the operation of a Geiger counter.
Why is calibration important for a Geiger counter?
Related terms
Ionizing Radiation: Radiation with sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons.
Geiger-Müller Tube: A gas-filled tube that detects ionizing radiation by producing electrical pulses.
Counts Per Minute (CPM): A unit measuring the rate at which radioactive events occur, indicating the level of radioactivity.