College Physics II – Mechanics, Sound, Oscillations, and Waves
Definition
Elasticity is the property of a material to return to its original shape after being deformed when the applied stress is removed. It is described quantitatively by the elastic modulus.
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Hooke's Law, which states $F = kx$, describes the relationship between force and displacement in elastic materials until the proportional limit.
The elastic modulus, including Young's modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus, quantifies elasticity.
Stress is defined as force per unit area (measured in Pascals) and strain is the relative deformation or change in shape.
The proportional limit is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while still exhibiting elastic behavior.
Beyond the elastic limit or yield point, materials exhibit plastic deformation where they do not return to their original shape.
Review Questions
What is Hooke's Law and how does it relate to elasticity?
Define stress and strain in terms of elasticity.
What happens to a material when it exceeds its proportional limit?
Related terms
Young's Modulus: A measure of the stiffness of an elastic material; defined as stress divided by strain in the linear elasticity regime of a uniaxial deformation.
Proportional Limit: The maximum stress at which a material will deform elastically. Beyond this point, permanent deformation occurs.
Plasticity: The property of a material to undergo permanent deformation beyond its elastic range without breaking.