Barbiturates

Definition

Barbiturates are a class of central nervous system depressants that were once commonly used to treat epilepsy and other disorders. They have largely been replaced by safer drugs due to their high potential for addiction and overdose.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Barbiturates enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA, leading to sedative and anticonvulsant properties.
2. They are primarily used today for anesthesia induction and severe cases of epilepsy when other treatments fail.
3. Common barbiturates include phenobarbital, pentobarbital, and secobarbital.
4. Phenobarbital is one of the oldest anticonvulsant medications still in use today.
5. Due to their high risk of dependence and overdose, barbiturates are now classified as Schedule II or III controlled substances.

Review Questions

• What neurotransmitter do barbiturates enhance to exert their effects?
• Name two conditions for which barbiturates might still be prescribed today.
• Why have barbiturates largely been replaced by newer medications?

Related terms

GABA:

A neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve transmission in the brain, calming nervous activity.

Phenobarbital:

A long-acting barbiturate used as an anticonvulsant in the treatment of epilepsy.

Benzodiazepines:

A class of drugs that also act as CNS depressants but are generally considered safer than barbiturates.