Subsistence economy

Definition

A subsistence economy is an economic system in which communities produce only what they need to survive, relying on local resources and traditional methods for food, shelter, and clothing. This type of economy emphasizes sustainability, as it avoids over-exploitation of resources, and often includes practices such as hunting, fishing, gathering, and small-scale farming. Subsistence economies are critical for understanding how indigenous populations interact with their environments and manage resources sustainably.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Subsistence economies are characterized by minimal trade and a focus on local resource utilization, resulting in lower environmental impact compared to industrialized economies.
2. Many Arctic communities rely on subsistence economies for their survival, engaging in activities like hunting seals, fishing, and gathering berries to sustain their livelihoods.
3. Subsistence economies can promote social cohesion as communities work together to share resources and knowledge necessary for survival.
4. Climate change poses significant threats to subsistence economies in the Arctic, impacting traditional hunting grounds and migration patterns of wildlife.
5. Understanding subsistence economies helps researchers assess how local communities can adapt to changes while maintaining cultural practices and sustainability.

Review Questions

• How do subsistence economies contribute to environmental sustainability in Arctic communities?
  • Subsistence economies contribute to environmental sustainability by emphasizing local resource use and minimizing waste. In Arctic communities, this approach allows for a balance between human needs and the preservation of the ecosystem. By relying on traditional methods of hunting, fishing, and gathering, these communities maintain a lifestyle that is in harmony with their environment, ensuring that resources are not over-exploited.
• In what ways does traditional ecological knowledge influence subsistence economies in the Arctic?
  • Traditional ecological knowledge plays a crucial role in shaping subsistence economies in the Arctic by guiding communities on sustainable practices that have been refined over generations. This knowledge informs when and how to harvest resources like fish and game while considering seasonal changes and ecological balance. By integrating this knowledge into their economic practices, Arctic communities can effectively manage their natural resources while preserving their cultural heritage.
• Evaluate the challenges faced by subsistence economies in adapting to modern environmental changes and globalization.
  • Subsistence economies face numerous challenges in adapting to modern environmental changes, such as climate change, which alters wildlife migration patterns and affects the availability of traditional resources. Globalization adds another layer of complexity by introducing market pressures that can undermine local practices. As outside influences grow stronger, these communities must find ways to integrate new technologies and economic opportunities while retaining their cultural identity and sustainable practices. Successfully navigating these challenges requires balancing tradition with innovation to ensure long-term viability.

Related terms

Traditional ecological knowledge: The cumulative body of knowledge, practices, and beliefs held by indigenous peoples regarding their local environment, which has been developed through generations of experience.

Resource management: The process of managing the use and conservation of natural resources to ensure sustainability and prevent depletion.

Sustainable development: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, often balancing economic growth with environmental protection.