BFGS stands for Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno, which is an iterative method used for solving unconstrained nonlinear optimization problems. It is a quasi-Newton method that approximates the Hessian matrix to find the minimum of a function, allowing for efficient convergence compared to basic methods. This technique improves upon the steepest descent method by using information from previous iterations to guide the search process more effectively in multi-dimensional spaces.
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