Oceanography
Biofouling is the accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, or animals on submerged surfaces, particularly on ships' hulls, underwater structures, and oceanographic instrumentation. This process can have significant implications for marine ecosystems, equipment performance, and data accuracy in oceanographic studies. The presence of biofouling can alter hydrodynamics, affect buoyancy, and impede the proper functioning of instruments used to collect oceanographic data.
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