Acid-base balance

Definition

Acid-base balance is the equilibrium between acidic and basic (alkaline) compounds in the blood and other bodily fluids. It is crucial for maintaining optimal physiological functions and overall health, particularly in the renal system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The kidneys are essential in regulating acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate from urine.
2. An imbalance can lead to acidosis (too much acid) or alkalosis (too much base), both of which can cause severe health problems.
3. Dietary intake, including protein consumption, influences acid-base balance by producing metabolic acids during digestion.
4. Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride play a significant role in maintaining this balance through various cellular processes.
5. Chronic kidney disease often impairs the body’s ability to maintain acid-base homeostasis, necessitating dietary modifications to manage symptoms.

Review Questions

• How do kidneys contribute to maintaining acid-base balance?
• What are the potential health consequences of an imbalance in acid-base levels?
• Why is monitoring dietary intake important for patients with chronic kidney disease regarding acid-base balance?

Related terms

Metabolic Acidosis:

A condition characterized by an excess of acid in the body due to increased production or decreased elimination.

Bicarbonate Buffer System: A primary buffer system that maintains pH balance by neutralizing excess acids or bases in bodily fluids.

Electrolytes:

Minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge and are vital for many bodily functions, including maintaining proper acid-base balance.