The integer quantum Hall effect is a quantum phenomenon observed in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to strong magnetic fields, resulting in quantized Hall conductance values. This effect manifests as plateaus in the Hall resistance, where the conductance takes on quantized values that are integer multiples of $\frac{e^2}{h}$, where $e$ is the elementary charge and $h$ is Planck's constant. It connects to broader concepts such as the fractional quantum Hall effect and the topological properties of matter.
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