#9

Definition

#9, often referred to as the sharp ninth, is an interval or extension in music that occurs when a ninth is raised by a half step from its natural position. In chord symbol notation, it is represented with a '#' before the number 9, indicating that the ninth note of the chord is sharpened. This alteration can significantly enhance the harmonic texture of a chord, particularly in jazz and modern music, where extended chords are prevalent.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. #9 is commonly used in dominant seventh chords to create tension that resolves to a tonic chord.
2. In jazz, #9 chords are often associated with altered dominant chords and are used to add color and complexity.
3. The sharp ninth can be derived from adding a raised ninth degree to a scale, which can lead to interesting melodic and harmonic possibilities.
4. #9 can also be found in various genres outside of jazz, including rock and pop music, where it adds unique flavor to chord progressions.
5. When writing #9 in chord symbols, it is essential to clarify if it refers to a dominant chord or another type of chord, as context matters for interpretation.

Review Questions

• How does the use of #9 in a dominant seventh chord affect its resolution in music?
  • The use of #9 in a dominant seventh chord creates a sense of tension that enhances its resolution to the tonic chord. This tension arises because the sharp ninth adds dissonance when played against the other chord tones. When the tension resolves as the dominant chord moves to its tonic, it provides a satisfying sense of closure. Composers often employ this technique to engage listeners and enrich harmonic progression.
• In what ways does #9 contribute to the harmonic language found in jazz compositions?
  • In jazz compositions, #9 contributes significantly to the harmonic language by providing color and complexity through altered chords. Jazz musicians frequently use #9 as part of extended dominant chords, allowing for richer textures in improvisation and composition. The sharp ninth creates interesting tensions that musicians can resolve in various ways, making it a staple in jazz harmony. This versatility enables performers to explore numerous creative pathways within their playing.
• Evaluate the role of #9 within various musical styles and its impact on composition and improvisation.
  • The role of #9 varies across musical styles but consistently serves as a tool for enhancing harmonic depth. In jazz, it opens avenues for complex improvisational choices and is integral to modern chord progressions. In rock and pop music, it introduces unique soundscapes that break from traditional harmonies. Evaluating its impact reveals how composers and musicians leverage #9 not just for harmonic richness but also for emotional expression within their works, influencing both composition techniques and performance practices.

Related terms

Extended Chords:

Chords that include notes beyond the seventh, such as ninths, elevenths, and thirteenths, adding richness and complexity to harmony.

Chord Symbol Notation: A system of shorthand used to indicate chords in written music, typically involving letters and numbers to denote the root, quality, and extensions of the chord.

Altered Chords: Chords that have one or more notes modified from their basic structure, such as a sharp or flat fifth or ninth, used to create tension and interest in music.