Spirochetes are a group of Gram-negative bacteria characterized by their unique spiral shape and motility. They move using axial filaments, which are similar to flagella but are located within the periplasmic space.
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Spirochetes include significant pathogenic species such as Treponema pallidum, which causes syphilis, and Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease.
They thrive in diverse habitats including soil, water, and within host organisms.
Spirochetes exhibit a unique form of movement called corkscrew motility due to their axial filaments.
They are difficult to culture in a laboratory setting, often requiring specialized media and conditions.
Many spirochetes have complex life cycles that may involve multiple hosts or environmental niches.
Review Questions
What is the primary structural feature that gives spirochetes their motility?
Name two pathogenic species of spirochetes and the diseases they cause.
Why are spirochetes challenging to culture in a laboratory setting?
Related terms
Axial Filament: A structure used for motility in spirochetes; located within the periplasmic space.
Gram-Negative Bacteria: Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane; stain pink with the Gram staining method.
Treponema pallidum: A pathogenic species of spirochete responsible for causing syphilis.