Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
Roseola is a common viral infection in young children characterized by a sudden high fever followed by a distinctive rash. It is mainly caused by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and sometimes human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7).
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
Roseola primarily affects children between 6 months and 2 years old.
The initial symptom is a sudden high fever lasting for three to five days, often exceeding 103°F (39.4°C).
After the fever subsides, a pinkish-red rash typically appears on the torso and spreads to the limbs and neck.
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is the most common cause of roseola, though HHV-7 can also be responsible.
Complications are rare but can include febrile seizures due to the rapid onset of high fever.
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Related terms
Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6): A virus that commonly causes roseola in infants and young children.
Febrile Seizure: Seizures that occur in young children with rapid onset of high fever, often associated with illnesses like roseola.
Exanthem Subitum: Another term for roseola, highlighting its sudden rash appearance following a high fever.