Ova and parasite

Definition

Ova and parasite (O&P) testing involves examining stool samples for the presence of parasitic eggs (ova) and protozoan parasites that cause gastrointestinal infections. This test is crucial for diagnosing infections caused by protozoans such as Giardia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. O&P tests are essential for diagnosing infections leading to symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss.
2. Common protozoa detected in O&P tests include Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium parvum.
3. Proper sample collection is critical; multiple stool samples may be needed over several days to increase detection accuracy.
4. Microscopic examination of stained stool specimens helps identify the characteristic forms of various ova and parasites.
5. Treatment often involves specific anti-parasitic medications tailored to the identified organism.

Review Questions

• What are the primary types of organisms detected in an O&P test?
• Why is it important to collect multiple stool samples for an O&P test?
• Which common protozoan parasites can be identified using an O&P test?

Related terms

Giardia lamblia: A flagellated protozoan causing giardiasis, characterized by diarrhea and malabsorption.

Entamoeba histolytica: An amoeboid protozoan responsible for amebiasis which can lead to severe dysentery.

Cryptosporidium parvum: A coccidian parasite that causes cryptosporidiosis, leading to watery diarrhea especially in immunocompromised individuals.