Lactic acid bacteria

Definition

Lactic acid bacteria are a group of gram-positive bacteria that produce lactic acid as a major metabolic end product of carbohydrate fermentation. They are commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract and play a crucial role in maintaining gut health.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Lactic acid bacteria are part of the normal microbiota in the human digestive system, contributing to digestion and immune function.
2. Common genera of lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus.
3. These bacteria help inhibit pathogenic microorganisms by producing lactic acid, which lowers the pH of their environment.
4. Probiotic supplements often contain lactic acid bacteria to promote gut health and prevent infections.
5. They play a significant role in the fermentation process used in food production, such as yogurt, cheese, and sauerkraut.

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of lactic acid bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract?
• Name three common genera of lactic acid bacteria.
• How do lactic acid bacteria inhibit pathogenic microorganisms?

Related terms

Probiotics: Live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts.

Fermentation: A metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes.

Normal Microbiota: The community of microorganisms that reside on or within various tissues and organs of humans and other animals.