Hansen’s disease

Definition

Hansen’s disease, also known as leprosy, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory tract, and eyes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mycobacterium leprae is an acid-fast Gram-positive bacterium.
2. Hansen’s disease grows very slowly and has an incubation period that can span several years.
3. The primary mode of transmission is prolonged close contact with an infected person’s nasal droplets or secretions.
4. Antimicrobial drugs such as dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine are used in combination for effective treatment.
5. If untreated, Hansen’s disease can cause severe nerve damage leading to muscle weakness and permanent disability.

Review Questions

Related terms

Mycobacterium leprae:

The acid-fast Gram-positive bacterium responsible for Hansen's disease.

Dapsone:

An antimicrobial drug used in combination therapy to treat Hansen's disease.

Peripheral Neuropathy: A condition often seen in advanced cases of Hansen's disease involving damage to peripheral nerves.