Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)

Definition

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis. It often follows an infection and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. GBS is often preceded by a bacterial or viral infection, such as Campylobacter jejuni or influenza.
2. Symptoms of GBS typically start with tingling and weakness in the legs and can progress to full-body paralysis.
3. Diagnosis of GBS is primarily clinical but may include nerve conduction studies and cerebrospinal fluid analysis showing elevated protein levels.
4. Treatment for GBS commonly involves intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) or plasmapheresis to reduce the immune response.
5. While most patients recover fully, some may experience long-term effects like weakness, numbness, or fatigue.

Review Questions

• What types of infections are commonly associated with triggering Guillain-Barré syndrome?
• Describe the typical progression of symptoms in a patient with GBS.
• What are the primary treatment options for managing Guillain-Barré syndrome?

Related terms

Peripheral Nervous System: The part of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord responsible for transmitting signals between the central nervous system and the rest of the body.

Autoimmune Disorder: A condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.

Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG): A treatment method involving antibodies delivered through an IV to help modulate immune response.