DNA fingerprinting

Definition

DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to identify individuals based on the unique patterns in their DNA. It involves analyzing specific regions of the genome that vary greatly between individuals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. DNA fingerprinting relies on variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) or short tandem repeats (STRs) which are highly polymorphic.
2. The process typically involves extracting DNA from a sample, amplifying it using PCR, and then separating the fragments by gel electrophoresis.
3. DNA fingerprinting is widely used in forensic science for criminal investigations and paternity testing.
4. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was one of the first methods used for DNA fingerprinting.
5. Modern techniques often use automated systems with fluorescently labeled primers for more precise and rapid analysis.

Review Questions

• What are VNTRs and why are they important in DNA fingerprinting?
• Describe the basic steps involved in creating a DNA fingerprint.
• How has DNA fingerprinting revolutionized forensic science?

Related terms

PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction, a technique used to amplify small segments of DNA.

Gel Electrophoresis: A method for separating DNA fragments based on their size using an electric field.

RFLP Analysis: A technique that uses variations in homologous DNA sequences to distinguish individuals.