Colon

Definition

The colon, also known as the large intestine, is a major part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter. It also houses a vast number of microorganisms that constitute the gut microbiota.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The colon comprises four main sections: ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid.
2. Normal microbiota in the colon play crucial roles in fermenting undigested carbohydrates and producing essential nutrients like vitamin K.
3. Disruption of the normal microbial balance in the colon can lead to infections such as Clostridium difficile colitis.
4. The colon's mucosal lining produces mucus to facilitate smooth passage of fecal matter.
5. Colonic bacteria are involved in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are important for colonic health.

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of the colon in the digestive system?
• How does normal microbiota within the colon contribute to overall health?
• What sections make up the anatomical structure of the colon?

Related terms

small intestine:

A part of the digestive system where most nutrient absorption occurs.

microbiota:

Microorganisms that reside in a specific environment, such as the gut.

Clostridium difficile:

A pathogenic bacterium that can cause severe colitis when normal gut flora is disrupted.