CAMP factor

Definition

CAMP factor is a diffusible protein produced by certain bacteria, notably Group B Streptococcus (GBS), that enhances the hemolysis of red blood cells. It interacts synergistically with staphylococcal beta-hemolysin to create a distinctive arrowhead-shaped zone of enhanced hemolysis on blood agar.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. CAMP factor is used in microbiological diagnostics to identify Group B Streptococcus.
2. The CAMP test involves streaking GBS perpendicular to Staphylococcus aureus on a blood agar plate.
3. A positive CAMP test results in an arrowhead-shaped zone of enhanced hemolysis at the intersection of the two bacterial streaks.
4. Group B Streptococcus can cause severe infections such as meningitis and sepsis, particularly in newborns and immunocompromised individuals.
5. The CAMP factor operates by increasing the lytic activity of staphylococcal beta-hemolysin on red blood cells.

Review Questions

• What is the primary purpose of the CAMP test in microbiology?
• Describe the visual result that indicates a positive CAMP test on a blood agar plate.
• Why is Group B Streptococcus clinically significant, especially concerning nervous system infections?

Related terms

Group B Streptococcus (GBS): A type of bacteria that can cause serious infections such as meningitis and sepsis.

Beta-Hemolysin: An enzyme produced by Staphylococcus aureus that causes lysis of red blood cells.

Blood Agar Plate: A nutrient-rich medium used to grow bacteria and observe hemolytic activity.